The following guide and nail size chart will help you in selecting the proper nail sizes for your framing project. The first thing to note is the the letter "d" on the nail size denotes "penny". For example 16d stands for 16 penny nail.
A 2d nail is 1 inch long and a 3d nail is 1.25 inches long. 4d nails measure 1.5 inches and 5d nails measure 1.75. A 6d nail is 2 inches long and an 8d nail is 2.5 inches long. 12d nails are 3.25 inches long and 16d nails (16 penny) are 3.5 inches long. The nail size chart below shows how they stack up against each other.
8 and 16d coated sinkers provide 95% of your needs in framing. Most framers prefer to use 16d nails for framing 2x lumber including walls. If you walk in to Home Depot you mightsee boxes of nails labeled "16d common", "16d sinker", or "16d short". Here's the difference:
Nail Size Chart
Shorts are not recommended for most framing applications are they have less than 70% of the capacity of the other two 16d nails. You should refer to your house plans which normally specify the type of nails to use.
Sinkers and Commons are close in physical size however sinkers have a waffle pattern on the top of the head to help drive the nails by providing a non skid surface for the hammer face and come in a number of coating styles. Sinkers are available with vinyl, epoxy and cement coatings. They are also available with a galvanized coating for locations that may be exposed to water. These coatings improve the holding power of the nails significantly. They also make you swear a lot when pulling boards apart when using these nails.
Commons have no waffling or coating generally. They should not be used in high moisture or exposed area as they will rust. Box nails are the same length as their sinker and common sisters, but have thinner shafts. Box nails are a holdover from when boxes were made from wood and the materials were thinner, (think fruit crates) and a thinner shaft minimized splitting of the slats when nailing. Another type of nail worth mentioning is the duplex head nail. The duplex nail has two heads to make removable easier as it is used for applications that are temporary in nature. Most notably concrete forms and temporary scaffolding. Also known as scaffolding nails, from a time when scaffolding was made from wood, before the invention of steel tubular scaffolding. Now that you probably know way too much about nails…..
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First and foremost, plywood manufacturers recommend spacing 4x8 sheets of plywood by 1/8" to account for expansion and to prevent "puckering" of the plywood. This is common on roofs where the "puckering" effect creates noticeable humps and bumps in the roof. An easy way to create the 1/8" gaps is to use a couple 16d nails for spacers. Another tip, never countersink nails in OSB or plywood sheeting when you are installing it.
Floor: Floors are typically sheathed with 3/4" OSB T&G sheeting. Recommended nailing schedule is 8d ring-shank nails, 6in o.c. around perimeter of building and edges where sheets meet. 12in o.c. in middle of the sheets.
Wall: Exterior walls are typically sheathed with 1/2" exterior grade OSB. The nailing schedule for sheathed walls often requires 8d nails at 4-6-12. This means that nails are spaced 4 in. around the perimeter of walls, 6 in. at the joints between sheets, and 12 in. in the field. Check with your building department for required nailing schedules in your area.
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Roof: Roofs are typically sheathed with 5/8" exterior grade OSB. Nail the sheets with 8d nails at 6 in. o.c. at the edges and 12 in. o.c. in the field. Before you start the second row of sheathing put H-clips, centered between the rafter chords, on the first row. These make the roof's surface stronger.Iron nails are all carbon steel, without threads, they are directly screwed in with a hammer, one-time use, and iron nails will not be pulled out after nailing. The screws are generally coated with a layer of zinc on the outside of carbon steel, with threads, which can be screwed in with a screwdriver and can be pulled out when needed.
The word penny originated in England as a measure of the length of a nail. One of the reasons for using penny size as a term for nail length is price.
100 nails of a certain size cost 10 pence or 10D (“D” is the British name for a penny). Another reason has to do with the weight of 1, 000 nails, D used to be short for one pound.
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1, 500 years ago, people made nails by hand by pulling thin strips of metal and punching a series of holes of different sizes in the metal disk. In 1741, England employed 60, 000 people to make nails.
The first nail-making machine was invented by the American Ezekiel Reed. In 1851, Adolphe F. Brown of New York invented the cable-nailing machine. From then on, nails could be produced in large quantities at low prices.
Sizes of nails and nails are specified by their length and range from 13 mm to 150 mm U.S system of measurement for common nails are the “penny” abbreviated “d”. (e.g.8d=64 mm, 10d=76mm, 16d=89mm). Large nails are called spikes and range from 100 mm to 350 mm in length.
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Features of steel arranging nails: Novel design, unique, with quick effect, good engineering quality, widely used characteristics, is the ideal replacement for common round nails.
Furniture manufacturing for sofas and chairs, sand, and leather. Upholstery is used for ceilings, sheets, etc. Wooden cases are used for outer sheets.
It is similar in shape to a round nail, with a slightly thicker head. But cement steel nail is made of high-quality steel, has the advantage of hard, bending resistance, and can be directly nailed into concrete and brick walls. Common specifications are 7~35mm.
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The body of the nail is like a twist, the head is round and flat, with a cross or a word head, and the bottom is a pointed bottom. The Twist nail’s nail force is very strong. Suitable for drawers, wooden ceiling suspenders, etc., some need a strong nail force.
Uses Upholstery plywood, and stripboard mounting. The furniture manufacturing industry of wood fittings rattan and other steel nails: made of high quality 45# carbon steel, unique design, reasonable structure, exquisite appearance, suitable for light wood keel connection.
It’s a nail with pointed ends and a smooth surface in the middle. Wire nails are easier to incorporate and secure wood than other nails. Its common specifications are 25~120mm.
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The self-tapping screw has deep threads, high hardness, and low price, and can combine two metal parts better than other nails. Usually used indoors and windows, iron sheet.
The shape of the shoot nail is similar to the cement nail, The difference between them is that the shoot nail needs to be used with the gun. Relatively speaking, nail fastening is better and more economical than manual construction.
Special steel nails have high strength and can be directly nailed into ordinary brick walls, 260#-280# cement mortar blocks, silicate, and other structures. They are ideal construction nails.
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Saddle Nail(round steel tape U nails) uses: Mainly used for fixing metal plate nets, wire meshes, and indoor and outdoor hanging wires, and can also be used for fixing steel wires for bundling wooden boxes.
End Nailing: Much weaker and used primarily to hold framing members in alignment until gravity forces and sheathing are applied to strengthen the connection.
The length of the nail chosen should be 2.5 to 3 times the thickness of the work being nailed. In order to increase the firmness of the connection, there should be an angle when nailing, forming a dovetail oblique nail combination to produce a hook effect.
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When nailing the hardwood nails, the nail holes should be drilled first, and the hole diameter should be slightly smaller than the nail diameter.1. How important is nailing baseboard trim? Attaching your baseboards to the wall is a crucial step in the installation process. More often than not, this step is overlooked. Typically, we assume walls are straight, and our corners are at the intended angles. Unfortunately, this is not the case.
Instead, when nailing the baseboards to the drywall, we discover how sturdy or inflexible they are. We start to realize the wall is bowed in places. We find out some of the odd angles we may have never noticed. As a result, we are dependent on a good job nailing in the baseboards to the wall to help ease the final steps and finish work for a great looking final product. 2. What is the best way to Nail Baseboards?
Unquestionably, the easiest and most effective way to nail in baseboards is with a nail gun. The question is, what type of nail gun do you need, and depending on your budget or other uses for a nail gun, that can get a little bit tricky.
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For most of us, a finish (trim) nail gun is going to be ideal
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